Monday, July 8, 2019

The Vedic View of Life



ЁЯМ║The Vedic View of LifeЁЯМ║
✍ЁЯП╗Author - Pandit Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya 
Presentation - ЁЯМ║ ‘Avats─Бra’

     Philosophy is the background of all human activities. It is an invisible wire-puller. It colours the entire human life. Though apparently, philosophical fundamentals are confined to a selected few of the thinkers, masses cannot remain uninfluenced. The waves of philosophical thoughts spread far and wide and permeate every stratum of life. Just as every rise and fall of our footsteps is subject to the invisible law of gravitation and even an animal who has no idea of any law of nature submits, though unconsciously, to that law, similarly all people submit to philosophical thought, either consciously or unconsciously. If we look deep into the ways of Eastern living, we find the whole life falling victim to this wave of pessimism. 

     The entire oriental conception of life can be epitomized in one word – pessimism. The Eastemers look upon life as something evil, a thing which is worth being renounced. Lord Buddha described the world transitory, full of sorrow and suffering, though he accepted possibility of emancipation. The great Shankaracharya regards the world as big illusion, a maya. It is common to compare life to a bubble on the surface of water or to a dream. The insubstantiality of life is a theme that is more popular with the poets and savants of the East. The renunciation of the world has always been the chief aim of the sages. Pessimistic philosophy negates the very purpose and meaning of life. 

     Optimism is the chief motor of all human institutions. All progress depends upon hope. As soon as you are convinced of the unreality of life you are deprived of the generative power of all activities. If the world is unreal, if we stand face to face with a big illusion, an abysmal nothingness, what is it that we should work for? If the world is nothing but a dream; then all our troubles and joys, all activities and inactivities are only a dream and we are no more than dreamers. All patriotic and philanthropic institutions, all efforts to alleviate the sufferings of men and animals are meaningless. What do discoveries and inventions mean to a man who feels that the world in which he lives is an illusion? Who will like to improve the life if, however improved, it is no more than a bubble? 

     What pleasure can the Universe vouchsafe for him who looks upon it as a prison house? What beauty can the sun, the moon, the stars and other objects present to him who thinks that sheer misfortune has brought him to this life, which, the sooner comes to an end, the better? Will he like to pray that this life of prison be lengthened? Will he pray that others in the form of sons, grandsons and friends should also come and share with him the miseries of imprisonment? Who among the most foolish of prisoners, is such a fool that, when destined to imprisonment might request the jail authorities to drag with him to the prison house, his family and friends? 

     Such pessimistic attitude can be noticed in most of Schools of the East and especially of India. For thousands of years before Maharshi Dayananda Sarasvati (1824 - 1883) the Indians have been leading an almost inactive life; with few elementary wants. The Indian philosophy prompted from the evil world was given a contemptuous place. There have been occasions when some Shivaji, or some Govind Singh rose and made efforts to consider the hard facts and to see the world boldly in the face. But as they could not change the mentality of the people to the desired extent what little they could do was soon undone. Consequently one hardly finds any significant progress, invention, discovery, or adventures, or achievement during the past few centuries. In fact, nothing that can be the sign of wakefulness of a nation have been achieved by Indians. Just as a magician spreads his magic pieces before an audience and the spectators though amused never care to get either his fruits or coins, just so an Indian sage thinks that the world before him is the work of a great magician who shows this or that either to amuse or to delude him. With this conception of life he develops an attitude of complete indifference to the world, its problem and welfare. 

     The great Shankaracharya realizing this weak point in the theory of maya and to counteract the evil divided the whole department of life into two parts – actual or Parmarthic and work-a-day or Vyavaharik. He enunciated that from the ultimate standpoint world is unsubstantial or illusory but for all practical purposes it is real. He hoped that this proviso would provide man with sufficient motive power to work. But the remedy proved as fatal as the disease. Suppositions are a weak support to solid actions. The feeling of Parmarthic or actual nothingness lingered behind the supposed reality of the world, and we never made that serious progress which is the outcome of faith in the reality of life. 


◼️The Glorious Past◼️
     If we look at the past of India we are amazed at the progress which was made. Such a glorious past was never in the fate of any nation. Even the remnants of the past glory are dazzling enough. The grand buildings of which a few pieces are brought to light now and then, through excavations, show that marvellous must have been the Indian architecture. Ancient Indian art and ancient Indian literature are such as any nation can be proud of. Their linguistic achievements are simply wonderful. Where is a language more perfect than Sanskrit? Then while other civilizations nave crumbled to pieces at slight cataclysms, the civilization of India has stood a test. It has defied the wildest storms. It has survived the most violent shocks. 


◼️Living Vedic Philosophy◼️
     How is all this possible? Had the Indians been ever pessimistic as dreaming, as illusion-struck, as they have been for during the past few centuries, such achievements would have been simply out of question? Their conception of life must have been bolder and more lively and in order to provide them with a substantial incentive to go forward. Mere dreamers could not have achieved so much. 

     We would first look to the Vedas, the books that can safely be our postulated fountain head of all religious life of India. 

     The one thing that strikes us most is that the Vedic prayers are superbly realistic. Pessimism is conspicuous by its absence. And if there is a tinge any where, it is remarkably insignificant. No where has it been hinted that life is nothing. Long fellow's 'Life is real, life is earnest' reflects Vedism more than Christianity. The famous verse of the Yajur Veda which every Arya is enjoined to recite both morning and evening, testifies to this - 

ЁЯФерддрдЪ्рдЪрдХ्рд╖ुрд░्рджेрд╡рд╣िрддं рдкुрд░рд╕्рддाрдЪ्рдЫुрдХрдоुрдЪ्рдЪрд░рдд्। рдкрд╢्рдпेрдо рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддं рдЬीрд╡ेрдо рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддं рд╢ृрдгुрдпाрдо рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддं рдмрд╡ाрдо рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддрдорджीрдиाः рд╕्рдпाрдо рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддं рднूрдпрд╢्рдЪ рд╢рд░рджः рд╢рддाрдд्॥ - Yajur Veda : 36.24 

     That great eye (God) has already placed in our being a potentiality or seed-power (рд╢ुрдХ्рд░рдо्). May we see a hundred years! May we hear the (Vedas) a hundred years! May we preach a hundred years! May we live free (рдЕрджीрдиाः) a hundred years! Aye several centuries. 

     Pessimism can not stand before such hopeful prayers. A prayer for a full century of healthy and useful years of life has charms of its own. Who will like to remain in dream for a hundred years? Who will like to stay in a world which is all pain, all misery, all afflictions, even for a day? Is it not a dire insult to the great Maker to call the world ugly, painful and bad? What would you think of a watch-maker if he produces a frail, useless and ugly watch? And what will you think of the great God whose work is alleged to be so bad? The Vedas speak in a quite different strain - 

ЁЯФердпो рдЕрджрдзाрдЬ्рдЬ्рдпोрддिрд╖ि рдЬ्рдпोрддिрд░рди्рддрд░्рдпों рдЕрд╕ृрдЬрди्рдордзुрдиा рд╕े рдордзूрдиि। 
рдЕрдз рдк्рд░िрдпं рд╢ूрд╖рдоिрди्рдж्рд░ाрдп рдорди्рдо рдм्рд░рд╣्рдордХृрддो рдмृрд╣рджुрдХ्рдеाрджрд╡ाрдЪि॥
- Rig Veda : 10.54.6 

     To that God are offered these sweet prayers by the divinely inspired devotee, Who puts light into bright things and who created sweet things bleat with sweetness? 
How bright! How sweet! 

ЁЯФердпрд╕्рдпेрдоे рд╣िрдорд╡рди्рддो рдорд╣िрдд्рд╡ा рдпрд╕्рдп рд╕рдоुрдж्рд░ं рд░рд╕рдпा рд╕рд╣ाрд╣ुः। 
рдпрд╕्рдпेрдоाः рдк्рд░рджिрд╢ो рдпрд╕्рдп рдмाрд╣ू рдХрд╕्рдоै рджेрд╡ाрдп рд╣рд╡िрд╖ा рд╡िрдзेрдо॥ 
- Rig Veda : 10.121.4 

     Unto that Great God alone shall we offer prayers? Whose are these high snow covered mountains; Whose is called the Ocean with its water; Whose are these directions; and Whose are these arms (of men representing strength). 

ЁЯФердоा рдиो рд╣िंрд╕ीрдЬ्рдЬрдиिрддा рдпः рдкृрдеिрд╡्рдпा рдпो рд╡ा рджिрд╡ं рд╕рдд्рдпрдзрд░्рдоा рдЬрдЬाрди। 
рдпрд╢्рдЪाрдкрд╢्рдЪрди्рдж्рд░ा рдмृрд╣рддीрд░्рдЬрдЬाрди рдХрд╕्рдоै рджेрд╡ाрдп рд╣рд╡िрд╖ा рд╡िрдзेрдо॥
- Rig Veda : 10.121.9 

     Unto that Great God alone shall we offer prayers? May he not harm us who is the Creator of the Earth; or who being the controller of true laws, created the firmament and who created the great delight-giving waters. 

     The Vedas no where seem to entertain such an idea. Look at the blessings showered upon the bride and bridegroom just when their nuptials are over -

ЁЯФердЗрд╣ैрд╡ рд╕्рддं рдоा рд╡ि рдпौрд╖्рдЯं рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рдоाрдпुрд░्рд╡्рдпрд╢्рдиुрддрдо्। 
рдХ्рд░ीрд│рди्рддौ рдкुрдд्рд░ैрд░्рдирдк्рддृрднिрд░्рдоोрджрдоाрдиौ рд╕्рд╡े рдЧृрд╣े॥
- Rig Veda : 10.85.42 

     May you dwell here; be ye not parted; enjoy the full life; playing with sons and grandsons; rejoicing in your own house.* [*Compare with this the Christian view of life - 'In England on the other hand and in Europe generally apart from the increasing influence of prudential considerations, there has always been the idea underlying the teaching of the Christian Churches that it is good for a man not to touch a woman'. 'Why'asks Tetullian, 'should we long to bear children... Whom when we have them desire to send before us... ourselves also longing to be removed, from this most wicked World? St. Augustine admits that some persons ask, if all men abstain from sexual intercourse, whence the human race will exist, but he goes on would that all would thus (i.e. abstain)... much more speedily would the city of God be filled and the end of the world hastened.' (Census of India 1921, Volume, Part I, Page 154) Europe did not progress as long as this mentality remained. The progress Europe has made now is due to change in the mentality, which is exhibited in the modern European literature.]

     Who will not welcome the duration of imprisonment reduced? But the Vedas no where admit of such notions. Ferista' or 'live long' is the usual benediction allowed by the Vedas. In fact longevity is everywhere prayed for. Those who think that it is in conformity with Vedic teachings to look upon the world as a big illusion are mistaken like wise. They commit the mistake of taking or mistaking for the Vedas the books which are neither Vedas nor consonant with the Vedas. The doctrine of Maya or illusion which generally passes as Vedanta is nowhere encouraged in the Vedas. The Vedas no where, say that the world is a big illusion. Even the word 'Maya' which occurs so often in the Vedas does not mean illusion or nescience, but just the reverse of it i.e. science or knowledge or intellect. In Nighantu the word (4841) Maya is one of the eleven synonyms of (5) Prajna or wisdom and the great Vedic lexicographer Yaska while commenting upon the word quotes several verses of the Rig Veda (e.g. Rig Veda : 6.58.1, 10.88.6, 5.85.6, 10.71.5), where from the very context the word 'Maya' means knowledge or wisdom and not an illusion. 


*◼️Misinterpretation of Maya◼️*
     It is true that in later ages the word 'Maya' underwent a degrading change and began to be used in the sense of illusion. But the practice of looking upon the universe as a big illusion is of a very late origin as compared with the age of Vedic civilization. It was the Budhistic nihilism or Budhistic idealism that first gave currency to the illusory conception of the outer universe. And subsequently Gaudpadacharya and Shankaracharya twisted the doctrine in their favour and gave it a Vedic tinge. Since then the whole Hinduism began to regard the world as a big illusion or a big dream and hence the national inertia or degradation to which we have been reduced. 
     If the universe were a dream or an illusion, the following bold injunctions of the Vedas would have had no meaning at all – 

ЁЯФердХुрд░्рд╡рди्рдиेрд╡ेрд╣ рдХрд░्рдоाрдгि рдЬिрдЬीрд╡िрд╖ेрдЪ्рдЫрддं рд╕рдоाः। 
- Yajur Veda : 40.2
Only doing actions in the world should one desire to live a hundred years. 

What do actions mean in dream or illusion? 

ЁЯФерд╕ं рдЧрдЪ्рдЫрдз्рд╡ं рд╕ं рд╡рджрдз्рд╡ं рд╕ं рд╡ो рдордиांрд╕ि рдЬाрдирддाрдо्। 
- Rig Veda : 10.191.2
Walk together, speak together, and let your minds be united. What place have walking, speaking and unity in a world which is no better than illusion? 

Then again, if the world has no real existence at all, what would the following verse mean? 

ЁЯФерд╕ूрд░्рдпाрдЪрди्рдж्рд░рдорд╕ौ рдзाрддा рдпрдеाрдкूрд░्рд╡рдордХрд▓्рдкрдпрдд्। 
- Rig Veda : 10.190.3 
The Creater made the sun and the moon as in the previous cycles. 

     If the world is an illusion, the sun and the moon that are a part thereof are also an illusion, and their creation has no meaning at all. Shankaracharya's great proviso too that the world has no real reality but a practical reality only does not find support in any verse of the Vedas. Neither in the beginning, nor in the middle nor in the end of the Vedas is there any clear evidence that it is for practical purposes only that the universe be regarded as existent. The very first verse of the Rig Veda addressed to Agni gives a bold expression to a bold world: by no means to a world supposed or illusory or merely seeming. 

     The importance of action is the first thing that the Vedas enjoin. A few instances may be cited-

ЁЯФердЕрдЧ्рдиे рдпं рдпрдЬ्рдЮрдордз्рд╡рд░ं рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рддः рдкрд░िрднूрд░рд╕ि। рд╕ рдЗрдж्рджेрд╡ेрд╖ु рдЧрдЪ्рдЫрддि।। 
– Rig Veda : 1.1.4 
O God, the harmless sacrifice, which thou encompassest all round, verily conduces to good qualities. 

     Here God (Agni) is said to be the encompasser of Yajna or good actions. Had Yajnas been due to nescience, God would never have been called their encompasser of doer. 

ЁЯФердкाрд╡рдХा рдиः рд╕рд░рд╕्рд╡рддी рд╡ाрдЬेрднिрд░्рд╡ाрдЬिрдиीрд╡рддी। рдпрдЬ्рдЮं рд╡рд╖्рдЯु рдзिрдпाрд╡рд╕ुः॥
- Rig Veda : 1.3.10 
Let purifying learning which provides us with means of livelihood, pervaded with wisdom, help our sacrifice. 

ЁЯФердЪोрджрдпिрдд्рд░ी рд╕ूрдиुрддाрдиां рдЪेрддрди्рддी рд╕ुрдорддीрдиाрдо्। рдпрдЬ्рдЮं рджрдзे рд╕рд░рд╕्рд╡рддी॥ 
- Rig Veda : 1.3.11 
Learning, actuator of truths and inspirer of gracious thoughts, supports the sacrifice. 

ЁЯФердорд╣ो рдЕрд░्рдгः рд╕рд░рд╕्рд╡рддी рдк्рд░ рдЪेрддрдпрддि рдХेрддुрдиा। рдзिрдпो рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ा рд╡ि рд░ाрдЬрддि॥ 
- Rig Veda : 1.3.12 
Learning, deep as a great ocean glorifies with action and illumines all intellects. 

     The Vedas abound with such verses which prove without doubt that actions or sacrifices are not the result of nescience. They are the imperative duties of leamed men and are necessary not only for worldly prosperity but for ex-worldly bliss. The greatest error that has found currency among some influential schools of thought is that the Vedas hold all actions as result of nescience and enjoin the renunciation of them. Those texts which glorify the actions are either belittled or misinterpreted only to so conform to the supported theories. I shall give one instance. While writing an exposition of the 2nd verse of the 40th chapter of Yajur Veda enda ‘рдХुрд░्рд╡рди्рдиेрд╡ेрд╣’ etc., (which I have quoted above) the great Shankaracharya says: рдЕрдерддрд░рд╕्рдпाрдиाрдд्рдордЬ्рдЮाрдирддрдпाрд╜рд╜рдд्рдордЧ्рд░рд╣рдгрдпाрд╢рдХ्рддрд╕्рдпेрджрдоुрдкрджिрд╢рддिрдорд╡:рдХुрд░्рд╡рди्рдиेрд╡ेрддि । Meaning : "This verse (рдХुрд░्рд╡рди्рдиेрд╡ेрд╣) advises that one who is different i.e. ignorant of spiritual science, is unfit to receive spiritual knowledge." 

     I hold that this remark is unwarranted and utterly unfounded. It has been put in by the learned expositor, only in order to make the Vedas consistent with his absolutely non-Vedic theory that actions are due to ignorance, nescience or Avidya. 

     Some persons think that the Vedas have nothing to do with mundane affairs; they speak of God or Gods only. This is utterly wrong. Religion according to the Vedic doctrines belongs not only to one phase of life but to the whole of it. Kanad, the author of Vaisheshik, defines religion as - 

ЁЯФердпрддोрд╜рдн्рдпुрджрдпो рдиिःрд╢्рд░ेрдпрд╕рд╕िрдж्рдзिः рд╕ рдзрд░्рдоः। 
That which is conductive through worldly prosperity to ex-worldly bliss. 

     This is, I think, the correctest position of the Vedas. This is the spirit that pervades through all the Vedas. The Vedas do not ignore any department of life. Their love of nature is proverbial. If you read the Vedas you cannot but be impressed with the beauties of the universe. Lordly mountains, gliding streams, spacious firmaments, they all inspire. Not vagaries or cruelties of nature, but its sweetness, grandeur and loveliness are the themes of the Vedic verses. They create in the reader's mind not a hatred, but a peculiar love towards the great work of the great God. The Vedas nowhere speak of an abstract God who has nothing to do with the universe or is absolutely unconnected with living being. An actionless, unconnected God who belongs to nothing and to whom nothing belongs, who loves nothing and is loved by nothing, will be an entity no better than nothing, hardly an object of worship or human devotion. God is ours and we are His. He loves us and we should love Him. The Vedas sing of him as - 

ЁЯФерд╕ рдиः рдкिрддा рдЬрдиिрддा рд╕ рдЙрдд рдмрди्рдзुः। 
- Atharva Veda : 2.1.3 
He is our father, life-giver and kin as well. 

     Think of the word ‘рдиः’ (nah) or 'our'. How inspiring ! This small syallable 'our' has charms of it own. It has thrilling effect upon the devotee's heart. God is ours. He has not thrown us into a dungeon. He could not have done it. He is so loving. This life and this universe have nothing in common with a dungeon. Dungeon is place a where revenge, hatred, cruelty, oppression and other human weaknesses have their place. The universe is something quite different, quite distinct. It is friendly universe that the Vedas refer to - 

ЁЯФерд╕ूрд░्рдпो рдиो рджिрд╡рд╕्рдкाрддु рд╡ाрддो рдЕрди्рддрд░िрдХ्рд╖ाрдд्। рдЕрдЧ्рдиिрд░्рдиः рдкाрд░्рдеिрд╡ेрдн्рдпः॥ 
– Rig Veda : 10.158.1 
May the sun protect us from above, may the wind protect us from the wide space; may fire protect us from below. 

     The Vedic Attitude Towards Worldly Prosperity 
Wealth is, perhaps, the most important factor of worldly prosperity. All the institutions of society appear to be converging to this one point. Eliminate wealth and all things topple down like a house of cards. Such a necessary thing the Vedas should not have ignored. Riches are not a curse and therefore nowhere have they been condemned nor rich men reviled. The Vedas do not say like the Bible that for a camel it is possible to pass through the eye of needle, but for a rich man it is impossible to enter heaven. The Vedas extol wealth and rightly say- 

ЁЯФерд╡рдпं рд╕्рдпाрдо рдкрддрдпो рд░рдпीрдгाрдо्। 
- Yajur Veda : 23.65 
Let us be lords of wealth. 

ЁЯФердЗрди्рдж्рд░ рдоुрд│ рдорд╣्рдпं рдЬीрд╡ाрддुрдоिрдЪ्рдЫ рд╡ोрджрдп рдзिрдпрдордпрд╕ो рди рдзाрд░ाрдо्॥
- Rig Veda : 6.47.10 
O God, be kind, give me livelihood, sharpen my mind like the edge of an iron instrument. 

ЁЯФерд╕ं рдЪोрджрдп рдЪिрдд्рд░рдорд░्рд╡ाрдЧ्рд░ाрдз рдЗрди्рдж्рд░ рд╡рд░ेрдг्рдпрдо्। рдЕрд╕рджिрдд्рддे рд╡िрднु рдк्рд░рднु॥
- Rig Veda : 1.9.5 
O Lord, thine is verily the wonderful, all pervading and all influential wealth. Bring it unto us. 

ЁЯФердЕрд╕्рдоाрди्рдд्рд╕ु рддрдд्рд░ рдЪोрджрдпेрди्рдж्рд░ рд░ाрдпे рд░рднрд╕्рд╡рддः। рддुрд╡िрдж्рдпुрдо्рди рдпрд╢рд╕्рд╡рддः॥
- Rig Veda : 1.9.6 
O Lord of many riches, inspire us, who are energetic and glorious, for wealth there. 

ЁЯФерд╕ं рдЧोрдорджिрди्рдж्рд░ рд╡ाрдЬрд╡рджрд╕्рдоे рдкृрдеु рд╢्рд░рд╡ो рдмृрд╣рдд्। рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ाрдпुрдзेрдордХ्рд╖िрддрдо्॥
- Rig Veda : 1.9.7 O Lord, give unto us wide, big, life-lasting, indestructible wealth, consisting of cows and com. 

ЁЯФердЕрд╕्рдоे рдШेрд╣ि рд╢्рд░рд╡ो рдмृрд╣рдж् рдШुрдо्рдиं рд╕рд╣рд╕्рд░рд╕ाрддрдордо्। рдЗрди्рдж्рд░ рддा рд░рдеिрдиीрд░िрд╖ः॥
- Rig Veda : 1.9.8 
O Lord, give unto us big, illuminating, thousand fold riches and those chariotful foods. 

ЁЯФердУрдЬोрд╜рдпोрдЬो рдоे рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। рд╕рд╣ोрд╜рд╕ि рд╕рд╣ो рдоें рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। 
рдмрд▓рдорд╕ि рдмрд▓ рдоें рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। рдЖрдпुрд░рд╕्рдпाрдпुрдоें рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। 
рд╢्рд░ोрдд्рд░рдорд╕ि рд╢्рд░ोрдд्рд░ं рдоे рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। рдЪрдХ्рд╖ुрд░рд╕ि рдЪрдХ्рд╖ुрд░्рдоे рджाः рд╕्рд╡ाрд╣ा। 
- Atharva Veda : 2.17.1-6 

▪️1. Glory art thou, give me glory. All hail. ▪️2. Patience art thou, give me patience. All hail. ▪️3. Strength art thou, give me strength. All hail. ▪️4. Life thou art, give me life. All hail. ▪️5. Ear thou art, give me ear. All hail. ▪️6. Eye thou art, give me eye. All hail. 

     All these quotations show that the Vedas enjoin us to look the world in the face; to rise up to the situation and to try to possess all worldly powers so that we may be dependent upon none and living successfully in the world, may pass peacefully to ex-worldly bliss. 

     No doubt there is a tinge of asceticism in certain verses, but this asceticism is meant only for those who have outgrown the world. 

     Renunciation and pessimism are not the same thing. The latter depicts the world as a hopeless mass of miseries while the former realizes the beauties of nature and still keeps an eye upon something beyond, which is much more beautiful. It does not say that the world is an evil and should therefore be forsaken. It says that the world is good. It has its use. It has its duties and its enjoyments. But it has a limit. When one has played one's part heroically, it is but necessary that a stage further should be taken. Our different lives are, so to speak, different rungs of ladder; all of them beautiful; all of them useful; none to be belittled or ignored. But after all they are rungs and we must turn our back on the rung that we have passed and come to another rung. We are bom in this world to live and to work, not to die (untimely) or be idle. But when we have lived the full course and worked our complete share, we should have no hesitation in passing away. 

     Renunciation says that this present world is all good but still better is the world to follow and you cannot enter that next world unless and until you have fully realized the chances offered to you in this world. Our different lives are just like the classes of a school; none unreal, none bad, none to be belittled. Who will be so foolish as to think that the particular class he belongs to is bad or inferior? And who will be so foolish as to be sorry to leave the class when after a creditable success in the annual examination, he is asked to pass on to a higher class. 

     This is the only reasonable view of life and true progress can be made only by realizing the truth of it. We should drive way all foolish ideas about the unrealistic or dreamy nature of the world. We should understand that the world we live in is real. We are real. We should be wakeful. Let us be a hero in the strife. 

✍ЁЯП╗Author - Pandit Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya 
Presentation - ЁЯМ║ ‘Avats─Бra’

॥ рдУрейрдо् ॥    

Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Who betrayed Swami Vivekananda?



Who betrayed Swami Vivekananda?

(Published on the occasion of 4th July Death date of Swami Vivekananda)

Dr Vivek Arya

Swami Vivekananda is famous for his Chicago speech and his association with Rama-Krishna (RK) Mission. There is also another part of his life. He widely criticised Christian Missionaries for their conversion tactics and constant attack on Belief and principles of Hinduism. Bengal became a nursery for Christian missions.K. C. Banerji ,M. L. Basak,Lal Behari De and Madhusudan Dutta were among few born to rich Bengali Brahmins but converted to Christianity. They even became forerunners in propagation of Christianity in Bengal. Brahma Samaj of Keshub Chandra Sen was different from Brahma Samaj of Raja RamMohan Roy. Raja ji possed biggest opposition to Christianity while Keshub turned to biggest admirer of his times. Bengali man was wandering from here to there due to lack of proper Guidance and knowledge. In this article we will like to know about the views of Swami Vivekananda on christianity.

Bible failed to impress Vivekananda.He said that the sayings, precepts, or doctrines which the New Testament preaches were already in existence among the Jews before the Christian era, having come from different quarters, and were being preached by Rabbis like Hillel and others.

The miracles of Christ also failed to impress Vivekananda. In fact, they repelled him strongly. What were the great powers of Christ, he asked, in miracles and healing, in one of his characters? They were low, vulgar things because he was among vulgar beings.
He even criticised Christians and said that they go wrong only when they insist that Christ is the only saviour.Yet it was Christ that Vivekananda found missing from Christianity. He wondered which Church, if any, represented Christ. All churches were equally intolerant, each threatening to kill those who did not believe as it did.22 The person of Christ rather than his teaching had become more important for Christianity. He had been turned into the only begotten son of God.23 Christian baptism remained external and did not touch the inner man. It aimed at instilling some mental beliefs and not at transforming human behaviour. Most men remained the same after baptism as they were before it. What was worse, the mere sprinkling of water over them and muttering of formulas by a priest made them believe that they were better than other people.

Swami Vivekananda was aware of what Church did to Galileo and other advocates of Science in Europe. He said that Christianity had spread with the help of the sword since the days of Constantine and tried to suppress science and philosophy.Hindus have nothing to gain from Christianity as it is only a system of superstitions. Hindus should not get frightened when the missionaries threaten them with hell; in fact, hell is better than the company of a Christian missionary. There came a Christian to me once, recalled Vivekananda, and said, You are a terrible sinner. I said, Yes, I am. Go on. He was a Christian missionary. That man would not give me any rest. When I see him I fly. He said, I have very good things for you. You are a sinner and you will go to hell. I said, Very good, what else? I asked him, Where are you going?I am going to heaven, he answered. I said, I will go to hell.That day he gave me up. If Christ could help people become good, why has he failed in the Christian countries where he has been worshipped for so long? Here comes a Christian man, continued Vivekananda, and he says, You are all doomed; but if you believe in this doctrine, Christ will help you out. If this were true - but of course it is nothing but superstition - there would be no wickedness in Christian countries. Let us believe in it - belief costs nothing - but why is there no result? If I ask, Why is it that there are so many wicked people? They say, We have to work more.Trust in God but keep your power dry!

The missionaries were highly critical of the Vedas which Hindus have always held in the highest esteem. Vivekananda upheld the Vedas as depositories of divine wisdom.Rather than processing the Vedas in terms of the Bible, as the Brahmos had started doing, the Bible should be weighed on the Vedic scale and prove its worth. So far as the Bible, he observed, and the scriptures of other nations agree with the Vedas, they are perfectly good, but when they do not agree, they are no more to be accepted. On another occasion he said, It is in the Vedas that we have to study our religion. With the exception of the Vedas every book must change. The authority of the Vedas is for all time to come; the authority of every one of our other books is for the time being.

Brahmanas were the next target of missionary attack. Vivekananda stood by these custodians of Hinduism. The ideal man of our ancestors, he said, was the Brahmin. In all our books stands out prominently this ideal of the Brahmin. In Europe there is my Lord the Cardinal, who is struggling hard and spending thousands of pounds to prove the nobility of his ancestors and he will not be satisfied until he has traced his ancestry to some dreadful tyrant who lived on a hill and watched the people passing by, and whenever he had the opportunity, sprang out and robbed them... In India, on the other hand, the greatest princes seek to trace their descent to .some ancient sage who dressed in a bit of loin cloth, lived in a forest, eating roots and studying the Vedas... You are of the high caste when you can trace your ancestry to a Rishi, and not otherwise... Our ideal is the Brahmin of spiritual culture and renunciation.

As he heard the malicious propaganda against Hinduism which missionaries were mounting in America and saw their methods of raising money, he hit them hard.He warned the missionaries about the effect which their propaganda was having on the moral and mental health of people who listened to them.

There was a corollary to Vivekananda's defence of Hinduism and critique of Christianity, particularly of the Christian missions. He called upon Hindu society to open its doors and take back its members who had been alienated from it by foreign invaders. Christian as well as Islamic missionaries were taking advantage of Hindu orthodoxy which was reluctant to receive those who had been forced or lured away from the Hindu fold but who were now ready to return to the faith of their forefathers. Vivekananda viewed this orthodoxy as nothing but a blind prejudice induced by the Hindus deep distrust of imported creeds. The distrust he regarded as well founded but the prejudice against victims of force or fraud as unjustified.

Swami Dayanand, the founder of Aryasamaj laid stress on Swadeshi and Swarajya and forcefully identified Christianity as a crude cult suited to savage societies. He authored 13th Chapter in Satyarth Prakash as a critical examination of the principles and beliefs of Christianity based on Bible. The missionaries themselves watched him for some time, for it appeared as if he was making things uneasy for them.Swami Dayanand gave birth to a new movement - Shuddhi (purification) of those who had been enticed away from Hindu society at one time or the other. It sent a wave of consternation through the missionary circles and restored Hindu confidence.Dayananda's work was continued after his death by the scholars of the Arya Samaj. Compared to the South India and East India, the progress of Christianity has been very, very slow in the North. The credit for reversing the trend in the North goes overwhelmingly to the lead given by Maharishi Dayananda and the Arya Samaj he founded.

Swami Vivekananda was an ardent admirer of Aryasamaj Shuddhi Campaign. The Bengalee newspaper Dated 7th, August, 1901 mentions Shuddi of Babu Bhawani Kishore Bhattacharya, a Bengali man born in respectable Brahmin Family. He was converted to christianity when he was Boy. Under the auspices of Aryasamaj he was purified in Ripon College. The ceremony was attended by many noble persons with full sympathy and enthusiasm. He was attracted towards Aryasamaj by reading preaching's and tracts authored by Thakur Kahan Chandraji Verma, the President of Aryasamaj. The Shuddhi Ceremony was greeted by reading a letter of none other then Swami Vivekananda who expressed his fullest sympathy with the movement and deep sorrow for his inability to preside on account of ill health. This news is mentioned in book name Christ a myth authored by Thakur Kahan Chandji Verma.

Vivekananda views on Christianity were to be adopted by RK mission. Vivekananda who was RK dearest disciple had viewed Islam and Christianity not as religions but as doctrines of the sword. But just contrary to our belief they went totally against him. Today the RK Mission has become a world-wide network, and a wealthy institution patronized by the high and the mighty, not only in India but also abroad.Now they celebrates Christmas on 24th December eve. Just ignoring to what Swami Vivekananda had said about Christianity. They wanted to promote the secular image of their mission. It is nothing more then keeping the educated followers of Mission unaware about the Truth. They have never thought that Christian missions in Bengal are engaged in converting poor Hindu tribal's to Christianity by unruly means and tactics. They never thought that Church representatives visits uneducated villages of Bengal and tries to prove that Christianity is best and all practices of Hindus are pagan worship and thus superstitions. They never thought to utilize their funds and powers to save Hinduism in Bengal. No to forget the mission once went to court o prove themselves that they are not Hindus.

I am aptly right in reaching this conclusion that

"The killers of Swami Vivekananda are none other then RAMAKRISHNA MISSION".

Ref.-

1. Sita Ram Goel,HISTORY OF HINDU-CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTERS AD 304 TO 1996,Voice of India, New Delhi
2. Blog link mentioning Celebration of Christmas in Belur Muth. https://www.anirbansaha.com/christmas-eve-at-ramakrishna-mission-belur-math/
3. Thakur Kahan Chand Varma, Lahore,Christ A Myth, 1933,P. 192-193
4. Swami Dayanand, 13th Chapter, Satyarth Prakash, Sarvdeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha, Delhi

10 рдордИ 1857 рдХा рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░рддा рд╕ंрдЧ्рд░ाрдо рдФрд░ рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓



10 рдордИ 1857 рдХा рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░рддा рд╕ंрдЧ्рд░ाрдо рдФрд░ рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓

4 рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ рдкрд░ рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖

-рдЕрд╢ोрдХ рдЪौрдзрд░ी рдоेрд░рда

рднाрд░рдд рдХा рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рд╕ंрдШрд░्рд╖ों рд╕े рднрд░ा рд╣ै, рдПрдХ рд╡рд╣ рд╕рдордп рдеा рдХि рдкिрддाрдорд╣ рднीрд╖्рдо рдХा рд╕ाрдордиा рдХрд░рдиे рд╡ाрд▓ा рджुрдиिрдпा рдоें рдирд╣ीं рдеा। рдЙрд╕рдХे рдмाрдж рд╕рдордп рдРрд╕ा рдЖрдпा рдХि рднाрд░рдд
рдоुрдЧрд▓ рд╢ाрд╣ी, рдХुрддुрдм рд╢ाрд╣ी, рдиिрдЬाрдо рд╢ाрд╣ी рд╡ рдЖрджिрд▓ рд╢ाрд╣ी рдХे рдЪंрдЧुрд▓ рдоें рдлंрд╕ рдЧрдпा, рдРрд╕ा рд▓рдЧрдиे рд▓рдЧा рдХि рдпрд╣ рд╕рдиाрддрди рд╕ंрд╕्рдХृрддि рд╕рдоाрдк्рдд рд╣ो рдЬाрдпेрдЧी, рдкрд░ंрддु рдЫрдд्рд░рдкрддि рд╢िрд╡ाрдЬी рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдиे рдРрд╕ी рдмрд╣ाрджुрд░ी рдХा рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рди рдк्рд░ाрд░рдо्рдн рдХिрдпा рдХि рдПрдХ рд╕рдордп рдоुрдЧрд▓ рдмाрджрд╢ाрд╣ рдиाрдо рдоाрдд्рд░ рдХा рд╣ी рд░рд╣ рдЧрдпा, рд▓ेрдХिрди рддрднी рдИрд╕्рдЯ рдЗंрдбिрдпा рдХंрдкрдиी рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рдм्рд░िрдЯेрди рдиे рдкूрд░े рднाрд░рдд рдкрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдХрд░ рд▓िрдпा, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬो рдХा рд╢ाрд╕рди рдЗрддрдиा рдлैрд▓ рдЧрдпा рдХि рдЙрдирдХे рд╢ाрд╕рди рдоें рд╕ूрд░्рдп рдЕрд╕्рдд рд╣ी рдирд╣ीं рд░рд╣рддा рдеा, рд╡े рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдХी рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмрдб़ी рд╢рдХ्рддि рдмрди рдЧрдП, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рднाрд░рддीрдпों рд╕े рдмрдб़ा рд╡्рдпाрдкाрд░ рдЫीрди рдХрд░ рдЕрдкрдиे рд╣ाрде рдоें рд▓े рд▓िрдпा рддрдеा рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╡्рдпाрдкाрд░िрдпों рдХो рдЬрдоींрджाрд░े рдмेрдЪ рджिрдП, рд╕ाрд╣ूрдХाрд░े рдХे рд▓ाрдЗрд╕ेंрд╕ рджे рджिрдпे। рд▓рдЧाрди рд╡ рдм्рдпाрдЬ рдмрдбी рдХрдаोрд░рддा рд╕े рд╡рд╕ूрд▓ा рдЬाрдиे рд▓рдЧा, рдЙрд╕ рд╡рд╕ूрд▓ी рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬिрд╕ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдЕँрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣े рдеे, рд╡े рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХे рд╣ी рдмेрдЯे рдеे, рдЬिрд╕ рд╕ेрдиा рдХे рдмрд▓ рдкрд░ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рднाрд░рдд рдЬीрддा рдеा рд╡े рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рднी рднाрд░рддीрдп рдХिрд╕ाрди рдХे рд╣ी рдмेрдЯे рдеे,рдЕрддः рдЬрдм рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рджрдордирдХाрд░ी рдиीрддि рд╕े рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो рджрд░्рдж рд╣ुрдЖ рддो рдЙрд╕рдХी рдк्рд░рддिрдХ्рд░िрдпा рд╕ेрдиा рд╡ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдоे рдмंрджूрдХ рдеाрдоे, рдЙрд╕рдХे рдмेрдЯो рдоें рд╣ोрдиी рд╕्рд╡рднाрд╡िрдХ рдеी। рд░рд╣ी рд╕рд╣ी рдХрд╕рд░ рдбрд▓рд╣ौрдЬी рдХी рд░ाрдЬ्рдп рд╣рдб़рдкрдиे рдХी рдиीрддि рдиे рдкूрд░ी рдХрд░ рджी, рджाрд░ूрд▓ рдЗрд╕्рд▓ाрдо рдХे рд╕्рдеाрди рдкрд░ рджाрд░ूрд▓ рд╣рд░рдм рдмрди рдЧрдпा рдеा, рдЗрд╕рд▓िрдП рд╡рд╣ाрдмी рднी рд╕рдХ्рд░िрдп рдеे, рдкрд░ंрддु рд╣рдеिрдпाрд░ рддो рд╕ेрдиा рд╡ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдеे, рдЬрдм рддрдХ рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ेрдиा рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рди рдЦрдбी рд╣ो, рдХोрдИ рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рдХाрдордпाрдм рдирд╣ीं рдеा। рд╡ो рджिрди рдЖрдпा 10 рдордИ 1857 рдХो, рдЬрдм рдоेрд░рда рдХी рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ेрдиा, рдоेрд░рда рдХी рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рд╡ рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдХिрд╕ाрди рдПрдХ рд╕ाрде рдоिрд▓рдХрд░ рдИрд╕्рдЯ рдЗंрдбिрдпा рдХंрдкрдиी рдХी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рд╕े рднिрдб़ рдЧрдП। рдЖрдЦिрд░ рдРрд╕ा рдХ्рдпा рд╣ुрдЖ рдХि рдПрдХ рдЯ्рд░ेंрдб рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рд╕े рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдЖрджрдоी рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдХी рд╕рдмрд╕े рд╢рдХ्рддिрд╢ाрд▓ी рд╕рдд्рддा рд╕े рд▓рдб़ рдЧрдпा। рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдХिрд╕ाрди рдЕрдкрдиे рд╕рд░ рд╕े рдХрдлрди рдмांрдз рдХрд░ рдЕрдкрдиे рджेрд╢ рдХी рд╕ेрдиा рд╡ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХे рд╕ाрде рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдЦрдбा рд╣ो рдЧрдпा।
рдЙрд╕ рд╕рдордп рдоेрд░рда рдоें рджो рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдеी, рдПрдХ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рджूрд╕рд░ी рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी। рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдЫाрд╡рдиी рдХी рд╡рдЬрд╣ рд╕े рдеी рдЬो рдХेंрдЯ рдПрд░िрдпे рдХी рдХाрдиूрди рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рджेрдЦрддी рдеी। рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рд╕े рдоेрд░рда рд╡ рд╕рд╣ाрд░рдирдкुрд░, рджेрд╣рд░ाрджूрди рддрдХ рдЧंрдЧा рдпрдоुрдиा рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдХा рдРрд░िрдпा рдЬाрдЯ, рдЧूрдЬрд░, рд░ाрдЬрдкूрдд рдмाрд╣ुрд▓्рдп рдеा рдЖрдЬ рднी рд╣ै, рдпे рдЬाрддिрдпां рд╣िрди्рджू рд╡ рдоुрд╕рд▓рдоाрди рджोрдиों рдзрд░्рдоों рдоें рдордЬрдмूрдд рд╕्рдеिрддि рдоें рдеी, рдкूрд░्рд╡ी рдкрд░рдЧрдиा рдиाрдо рд╕े рдЧूрдЬрд░ рд░िрдпाрд╕рдд рдеी рдЬिрд╕े рд░ाрдЬा рдЬैрдд рд╕िंрд╣ рдиाрдЧрд░ рдиे рд╕рди् 1749 рдоें рдоुрдЧрд▓ों рд╕े рд▓рдбрдХрд░ рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХिрдпा рдеा, рд╡ाрд░िрд╕ рдиा рд╣ोрдиे рдХे рдХाрд░рдг рдЗрд╕ рд░िрдпाрд╕рдд рдХो рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЬрдм्рдд рдХрд░ рд▓िрдпा рдеा, рдЕंрддिрдо рд░ाрдЬा рдирдд्рдеा рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдЪाрдЪा рдХे рдкौрдд्рд░ рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдЬो рд░िрдпाрд╕рдд рдХी рд░ाрдЬрдзाрдиी рдХिрд▓ा рдкрд░िрдХ्рд╖рдд рдЧрдв рдХे рдиिрдХрдЯ рдЧांрд╡ рдкूрдаी рдоें рдиिрд╡ाрд╕ рдХрд░рддे рдеे, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рд╕े рд░िрдпाрд╕рдд рд╡ाрдкрд╕ рд▓ेрдиे рдХी рддाрдХ рдоें рдеे, рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рддीрди рднाрдИ рдХ्рд░рдорд╢ः рджрд▓ेрд▓ рд╕िंрд╣, рдкिрд░рдеी рд╕िंрд╣ рд╡ рджेрд╡ी рд╕िंрд╣ рдеे, рдЗрдирдХा рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдмिрдЬрдиौрд░ рдХे рдирдЬीрдмाрдмाрдж рдХे рдирд╡ाрдм рдорд╣рдоूрдж рдЦाрди рд╕े рдеा, рдорд╣рдоूрдж рдЦाрди рдХा рд╕рдо्рдмрди्рдз рдмрд░ेрд▓ी рдХे рдмрдЦ्рдд рдЦाрди рд╕े рдеा рдФрд░ рдмрдЦ्рдд рдЦाрди рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХे рдмрд╣ाрджुрд░ рд╢ाрд╣ рдЬрдлрд░ рдХे рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдоें рдеा, рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдкрд░िрд╡ाрд░ рдХी рд░िрд╢्рддेрджाрд░ी рдмाрдЧрдкрдд рд░ोрдб рдкрд░ рд╕्рдеिрдд рдЧांрд╡ рдкाрдЪрд▓ी рдХे рдоुрдЦिрдпा рд╕ाрд▓рдЧрд░ाрдо рд╕े рдеी, рд╕ाрд▓рдЧрд░ाрдо рдоुрдЦिрдпा рдХे рд╕ाрдд рдмेрдЯे рдеे, рдЬिрдирдХे рдиाрдо рдХ्рд░рдорд╢ः рдЪैрдирд╕ुрдЦ, рдиैрдирд╕ुрдЦ, рд╣рд░िрд╕िंрд╣, рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣, рдоोрд╣рд░ рд╕िंрд╣, рдоैрд░ूрдк рд╕िंрд╣ рд╡ рдоेрдШрд░ाрдЬ рд╕िंрд╣ рдеे, рдЗрдирдоें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рд╕ाрд▓рдЧрд░ाрдо рдоुрдЦिрдпा рдХे рдЪौрдеे рдкुрдд्рд░ рдеे, рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХा рдЬрди्рдо 27 рдирд╡рдо्рдмрд░ рд╕рди् 1814 рджिрди рд░рд╡िрд╡ाрд░ (рд╕рдо्рд╡рдд् 1871 рдХाрд░्рддिрдХ рдкूрд░्рдгिрдоा) рдХो рдк्рд░ाрдд:рдХрд░ीрдм рдЫ:рдмрдЬे рдоाрддा рдордирднрд░ी рдХे рдЧрд░्рдн рд╕े рд╣ुрдЖ рдеा। рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдоेрд░рда рдХी рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдоें рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдоें рдеे। рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рд╡ рдмेрдЧрдоाрдмाрдж (рд╡рд░्рддрдоाрди рдоें рдоोрджीрдирдЧрд░) рдХे рдкाрд╕ рд╕्рдеिрдд рдЧांрд╡ рд╕िрдХрд░ी рдоें рдЕрдкрдиी рдЧрдв़ी рдмрдиाрдиा рдЪाрд╣рддे рдеे, рдЕрддः рдЬрдм рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХी рддैрдпाрд░ी рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣ी рдеी, рдЧांрд╡ рдЧांрд╡ рд░ोрдЯी рдФрд░ рдХрдорд▓ рдХा рдлूрд▓ рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдк्рд░рдЪाрд░ рдХिрдпा рдЬा рд░рд╣ा рдеा, рддрдеा рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХी рддिрдеि 31 рдордИ рдиिрд╢्рдЪिрдд рдХी рдЧрдИ рдеी, рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдоें рдеे, рд╡ो рдЬाрдирддे рдеे рдХि рд╕рдм рдХाрд░्рдп рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХी рдпोрдЬрдиा рд╕े рд╣ोрдиे рдоुрд╢्рдХिрд▓ рд╣ै, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХा рдЦुрдлिрдпा рддंрдд्рд░ рд╣ाрде рдкрд░ рд╣ाрде рд░рдЦ рдХрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдмैрдаा рд░рд╣ेрдЧा, рдЕрддः рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рд╕िрдХрд░ी рддрдХ рдЕрдкрдиे рд╕рдЬाрддीрдп рдмंрдзुрдУं рдХो рдпрд╣ рд╕рдордЭा рджिрдпा рдеा рдХि рд╡рд╣ рд╣рд░ рд╕рдордп рддैрдпाрд░ рд░рд╣े, рддाрдХि рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддा рдкрдбрдиे рдкрд░ рдХрдо рд╕े рдХрдо рд╕рдордп рдоें рдЬрд╣ां рдЬрд░ूрд░рдд рд╣ो рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рд╕рдХे।
10 рдордИ 1857 рдХो рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдЬो рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рднूрдоिрдХा рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХे рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдХे рднाрдИ рдмрди्рдзुрдУं рдиे рдиिрднाрдИ рдЙрд╕рдХी рдкृрд╖्рдарднूрдоि рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рдЬुрд▓्рдо рдХी рджाрд╕्рддाрди рдЫुрдкी рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдПрдХ рдХिрд╕ाрди рдкрд░िрд╡ाрд░ рд╕े рдеे। рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдкिрддा рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рдоुрдЦिрдпा рдеे, рдЕрддः рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдХे рдЙрди рдЧ्рд░ाрдоीрдгों рдХो рдЬो рдХिрд╕ी рдХाрд░рдгрд╡рд╢ рд▓рдЧाрди рдирд╣ीं рджे рдкाрддे рдеे, рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдЕрд╣ाрддे рдоें рдХрдаोрд░ рд╕рдЬा рджिрдпा рдХрд░рддे рдеे।
1857 рдХी рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХे рдХुрдЫ рд╕рдордп рдкूрд░्рд╡ рдЕрдк्рд░ेрд▓ рдХे рдорд╣ीрдиे рдоें рдШрдЯी рдПрдХ рдШрдЯрдиा рдиे рднी рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХो рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рдЦрдб़े рд╣ोрдиे рдХो рдордЬрдмूрд░ рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдЧांрд╡ो рдоें рдк्рд░рдЪрд▓िрдд рдХिрд╡рджंрддी рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ "рдХिрд╕ाрди рдЕрдкрдиी рдлрд╕рд▓ рдЙрдаाрдиे рдоें рд▓рдЧे рдеे। рдПрдХ рджिрди рдХрд░ीрдм 10-11 рдмрдЬे рдХे рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рджो рдЕँрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рддрдеा рдПрдХ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдоेрдо рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдЦुрд░्рдж рдХे рдЖрдоों рдХे рдмाрдЧ рдоें рдеोрдб़ा рдЖрд░ाрдо рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд░ूрдХे। рдЗрд╕ी рдмाрдЧ рдХे рдиिрдХрдЯ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рддीрди рдХिрд╕ाрди рдЬिрдирдХे рдиाрдо рдоंрдЧрдд рд╕िंрд╣, рдирд░рдкрдд рд╕िंрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЭрдЬ्рдЬрдб рд╕िंрд╣ рдеे, рдХृрд╖ि рдХाрд░्рдпो рдоें рд▓рдЧे рдеे। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЗрди рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рд╕े рдкाрдиी рдкिрд▓ाрдиे рдХा рдЖрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдХिрдпा। рдХिрд╕ी рдмाрдд рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдЗрди рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рд╡ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдоें рд╕ंрдШрд░्рд╖ рд╣ो рдЧрдпा। рдЗрди рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдиे рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рджिрдпा, рдПрдХ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╡ рдоेрдо рдХो рдкрдХрдб़ рд▓िрдпा। рдПрдХ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рднाрдЧрдиे рдоें рд╕рдлрд▓ рд╣ो рдЧрдпा। рдкрдХрдб़े рдЧрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдХो рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдиे рд╣ाрде-рдкैрд░ рдмांрдз рдХрд░ рдЧрд░्рдо рд░ेрдд рдоें рдбाрд▓ рджिрдпा рдФрд░ рдоेрдо рд╕े рдмрд▓рдкूрд░्рд╡рдХ рджांрдп рд╣рдХрд╡ाрдИ। рджो рдШंрдЯे рдмाрдж рднाрдЧा рд╣ुрдЖ рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдПрдХ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдФрд░ 25-30 рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╡ाрдкрд╕ рдЖ рдзрдордХा। рддрдм рддрдХ рдХिрд╕ाрди рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рд╕े рдЫिрдиे рд╣ुрдП рд╣рдеिрдпाрд░ों, рдЬिрдирдоें рд╕ोрдиे рдХे рдоूрда рд╡ाрд▓ी рдПрдХ рддрд▓рд╡ाрд░ рднी рдеी, рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рднाрдЧ рдЪुрдХे рдеे। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЗрд╕ рдШрдЯрдиा рдХी рдЬांрдЪ рдХрд░рдиे рдФрд░ рджोрд╖िрдпों рдХो рдЧिрд░рдл्рддाрд░ рдХрд░ рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХो рд╕ौंрдкрдиे рдХी рдЬिрдо्рдоेрджाрд░ी рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдкिрддा рдХो рд╕ौंрдкी। рдШोрд╖рдгा рдХрд░ рджी рдЧрдИ рдХि рдпрджि рдоुрдЦिрдпा рдиे рддीрдиों рдмाрдЧिрдпों рдХो рдкрдХрдб़рдХрд░ рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХो рдирд╣ीं рд╕ौंрдкा рддो рд╕рдЬा рдЧांрд╡ рд╡ाрд▓ों рдФрд░ рдоुрдЦिрдпा рдХो рдоिрд▓ेрдЧी। рдмрд╣ुрдд рд╕े рдЧांрд╡рд╡ाрд╕ी рднрдпрд╡рд╢ рдЧांрд╡ рд╕े рдкрд▓ाрдпрди рдХрд░ рдЧрдП। рдЖрдЦिрд░ рдоें рдирд░рдкрдд рд╕िंрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЭрдЬ्рдЬрдб рд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рддो рд╕рдорд░्рдкрдг рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдХिрди्рддु рдоंрдЧрддрд╕िंрд╣ рдХो рдирд╣ीं рдкрдХрдб़ा рдЬा рд╕рдХा। рджोрдиों рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो 30-30 рдХोрдбे рдФрд░ рдЬрдоीрди рд╕े рдмेрджрдЦрд▓ी рдХी рд╕рдЬा рджी рдЧрдИ। рдлрд░ाрд░ рдоंрдЧрддрд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдкрд░िрд╡ाрд░ рдХे рддीрди рд╕рджрд╕्рдпों рдХो рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рд╕рдоीрдк рд╣ी рдлांрд╕ी рдкрд░ рд▓рдЯрдХा рджिрдпा рдЧрдпा। рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдкिрддा рдХो рдоंрдЧрддрд╕िंрд╣ рдХो рди рдвूंрдв рдкाрдиे рдХे рдЬुрд░्рдо рдоें рдЫ:рдоाрд╣ рдХे рдХрдаोрд░ рдХाрд░ाрд╡ाрд╕ рдХी рд╕рдЬा рджी рдЧрдИ। рдЕрддः рдЬрдм 10 рдордИ рдХो рдХ्рд░ांрддि рд╣ुрдИ рддो рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХे рдкिрддा рднी рдоेрд░рда рдХी рдЙрд╕ी рдЬेрд▓ рдоें рдмंрдж рдеे рдЬो рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рд░ाрдд рдХो рддोрдб рджी।
рдоेрд░рда рдоें 8 рдордИ рдХो рдЙрди рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рдХो рд╣рдеिрдпाрд░ рдЬрдм्рдд рдХрд░ рдХैрдж рдХрд░ рд▓िрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा,рдЬिрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЧाрдп рд╡ рд╕ूрдЕрд░ рдХी рдЪрд░्рдмी рд▓рдЧे рдХाрд░рддूрд╕ рд▓ेрдиे рд╕े рдЗंрдХाрд░ рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдеा। рдЗрди рдЧिрд░рдл्рддाрд░ рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рдХो рдоेрд░рда рдбिрд╡ीрдЬрди рдХे рдоेрдЬрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдбрдм्рд▓्рдпू рдПрдЪ рд╣ेрд╡िрдЯ рдиे 10-10 рд╡рд░्рд╖ рдХे рдХрдаोрд░ рдХाрд░ाрд╡ाрд╕ рдХा рджрдг्рдб рд╕ुрдиा рджिрдпा рдеा। рдоेрд░рда рдоें рджेрд╢ी рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рдХी рдХेрд╡рд▓ рджो рдкैрджрд▓ рд░ेрдЬिрдоेंрдЯ рдеी, рдЬрдмрдХि рдпрд╣ां рдЧोрд░े рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рдХी рдПрдХ рдкूрд░ी рд░ाрдЗрдлрд▓ рдмрдЯाрд▓िрдпрди рддрдеा рдПрдХ рдб्рд░ेрдЧрди рд░ेрдЬिрдоेंрдЯ рдеी, рдПрдХ рдЕрдЪ्рдЫे рддोрдкрдЦाрдиे рдкрд░ рднी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХा рд╣ी рдкूрд░्рдг рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдеा। рдЗрд╕ рд╕्рдеिрддि рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдмेрдлिрдХ्рд░ рдеे। рдЙрди्рд╣ें рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рд╕े рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдХोрдИ рдЦрддрд░ा рджिрдЦाрдИ рдирд╣ीं рджे рд░рд╣ा рдеा।
рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХा рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдмрдб़ी рдмुрдж्рдзिрдоाрдиी рд╕े рдмрдиाрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा। рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдЗрд╕ рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рдеा рдХि рд╕рдмрд╕े рдкрд╣рд▓े рдЕрдЪाрдирдХ рдЖрдХ्рд░рдордг рдХिрдпा рдЬाрдп, рдмंрджी рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рдХो рдЬेрд▓ рд╕े рдоुрдХ्рдд рдХрд░ाрддे рд╣ी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХा рд╡рдз рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрдн рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдЬाрдпे। рдЬрдм рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕рд╣рд╕ा рд╣ोрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рд╡िрд╕्рдлोрдЯ рд╕े рдШрдмрд░ा рдЙрдаें рддो рдоेрд░рда рдХी рдЬрдирддा рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рд╢рд╣рд░ рдоें рд╕рднी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рд╕े рд╕рдо्рдмंрдзिрдд рдаिрдХाрдиों рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рджें। рдЬिрд╕рд╕े рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХो рдпрд╣ рдкрддा рд╣ी рди рдЪрд▓े рдХि рд╕ंрдШрд░्рд╖ рдХा рдХेंрдж्рд░ рд╕्рдерд▓ рдХрд╣ा рд╣ै।
10 рдордИ рдХो рдЪрд░्рдЪ рдХे рдШंрдЯे рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╣ी рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рдХी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпाँ рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрдн рд╣ो рдЧрдИ।рд╢ाрдо 6.30рдмрдЬे рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рдиे рдЧ्рдпाрд░рд╣рд╡ीं рд░ेрдЬिрдоेंрдЯ рдХे рдХрдоांрдбिंрдЧ рдЖрдлिрд╕рд░ рдХрд░्рдирд▓ рдлिрдиिрд╢ рд╡ рдХैрдк्рдЯрди рдоेрдХ рдбोрдиाрд▓्рдб рдЬो рдмीрд╕рд╡ीं рд░ेрдЬिрдоेंрдЯ рдХे рд╢िрдХ्рд╖ा рд╡िрднाрдЧ рдХे рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдеे, рдХो рдоाрд░ рдбाрд▓ा рддрдеा рдЬेрд▓ рддोрдбрдХрд░ рдЕрдкрдиे 85 рд╕ाрдеिрдпों рдХो рдЫुрдб़ा рд▓िрдпा। рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдХे рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдЧुрд░्рдЬрд░ рддुрд░ंрдд рд╕рдХ्рд░िрдп рд╣ो рдЧрдП, рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рддुрд░ंрдд рдПрдХ рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдЬो рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рд╕े рдоाрдд्рд░ рдкांрдЪ рдХिрд▓ोрдоीрдЯрд░ рджूрд░ рдеा рднेрдЬ рджिрдпा। рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рд╕े рдоाрдд्рд░ 10 рдХिрд▓ोрдоीрдЯрд░ рдХी рджूрд░ी рдкрд░ рд╕िрдХрд░ी рдЧांрд╡ рдеा, рддुрд░ंрдд рдЬो рд▓ोрдЧ рд╕ंрдШрд░्рд╖ рдХрд░рдиे рд▓ाрдпрдХ рдеे рдПрдХрдд्рд░ рд╣ो рдЧрдП рдФрд░ рд╣рдЬाрд░ों рдХी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा рдоें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХे рднाрдИрдпों рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдоें рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдЧрдП। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдиे рдпोрдЬрдиा рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдмрдб़ी рдЪрддुрд░ाрдИ рд╕े рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХे рдк्рд░рддि рд╡рдлाрджाрд░ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХрд░्рдоिрдпों рдХो рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдХे рднीрддрд░ рдЪрд▓े рдЬाрдиे рдФрд░ рд╡рд╣ी рд░рд╣рдиे рдХा рдЖрджेрд╢ рджिрдпा। рдЖрджेрд╢ рдХा рдкाрд▓рди рдХрд░рддे рд╣ुрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рд╡рдлाрджाрд░ рдкुрд▓िрд╕рдХрд░्рдоी рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ी рдоें рд╣ी рдмैрдаे рд░рд╣े। рджूрд╕рд░ी рддрд░рдл рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдиे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдпोрдЬрдиाрдУं рд╕े рд╕рд╣рдордд рд╕िрдкाрд╣िрдпों рдХो рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдоें рдЕрдЧ्рд░рдгी рднूрдоिрдХा рдиिрднाрдиे рдХा рдЧुрдк्рдд рдЖрджेрд╢ рджिрдпा, рдлрд▓рд╕्рд╡рд░ूрдк рдЙрд╕ рджिрди рдХрдИ рдЬрдЧрд╣ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рд╡ाрд▓ों рдХो рдХ्рд░ाрди्рддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХी рднीрдб़ рдХा рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдХрд░рддे рджेрдЦा рдЧрдпा। рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рдХे рдЧांрд╡ों рдоें рдк्рд░рдЪрд▓िрдд рдХिрд╡рджंрддी рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдЗрд╕ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рднीрдб़ рдиे рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рджेрд░ рд░ाрдд рджो рдмрдЬे рдЬेрд▓ рддोрдбрдХрд░ 839 рдХैрджिрдпों рдХो рдЫुрдб़ा рд▓िрдпा рдФрд░ рдЬेрд▓ рдоें рдЖрдЧ рд▓рдЧा рджी। рдоेрд░рда рд╢рд╣рд░ рд╡ рдХैंрдЯ рдоें рдЬो рдХुрдЫ рднी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рд╕े рд╕рдо्рдмंрдзिрдд рдеा рдЙрд╕े рдпрд╣ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХी рднीрдб़ рдкрд╣рд▓े рд╣ी рдирд╖्рдЯ рдХрд░ рдЪुрдХी рдеी। рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рднीрдб़ рдиे рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рд╕े рд╕рдо्рдмрди्рдзिрдд рд╕рднी рдк्рд░рддिрд╖्рдаाрди рдЬрд▓ा рдбाрд▓े рдеे, рд╕ूрдЪрдиा рдХा рдЖрджाрди-рдк्рд░рджाрди рди рд╣ो, рдЯेрд▓िрдЧ्рд░ाрдл рдХी рд▓ाрдИрди рдХाрдЯ рджी рдеी, рдоेрд░рда рд╕े рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╢ाрд╕рди рд╕рдоाрдк्рдд рд╣ो рдЪुрдХा рдеा, рдХोрдИ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдирд╣ीं рдмрдЪा рдеा, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдпा рддो рдоाрд░े рдЬा рдЪुрдХे рдеे рдпा рдХрд╣ीं рдЫिрдк рдЧрдпे рдеे।
11 рдордИ рдХो рд╕ेрдиा рдиे рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдХрд░ рдоुрдЧрд▓ рдмाрджрд╢ाрд╣ рдмрд╣ाрджुрд░ рд╢ाрд╣ рдЬрдлрд░ рдХो рд╣िрди्рджुрд╕्рддाрди рдХा рдмाрджрд╢ाрд╣ рдШोрд╖िрдд рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдФрд░ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХो рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХे рдмाрд╣рд░ рдЦрджेрдб़ рджिрдпा।
рдЧ्рдпाрд░рд╣ рдордИ рдХो рдЬрдм рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдШрдЯिрдд рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рдХी рд╕ूрдЪрдиा рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рдкрд╣ुँрдЪрддे рд╣ी рдмрдбौрдд рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдХे рдЧांрд╡ рдмिрдЬрд░ोрд▓ рдХे рдЬाрдЯ рдЬрдоींрджाрд░ рдЪौрдзрд░ी рд╢ाрд╣рдорд▓ рд╕िंрд╣, рд╕рд░рдзрдиा рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдЕрдХрд▓рдкुрд░ा рдХे рд░ाрдЬрдкूрдд рдаाрдХुрд░ рдирд░рдкрдд рд╕िंрд╣, рдмрд░рдиाрд╡ा рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдЧрдвी рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рд░ाрдЬрдкूрдд рдоुрд╕рд▓рдоाрди (рд░ांрдШрдб) рдХрд▓ंрджрд░ рдЦाрди рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдХो рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░ рдШोрд╖िрдд рдХрд░ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рд╕े рд▓рдЧाрди рд╡рд╕ूрд▓рдиा рд╢ुрд░ू рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдХिрд▓ा -рдкрд░िрдХрдЫрдд рдЧрдв рдХे рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдЖрдк рдХो рдкूрд░्рд╡ी рдкрд░рдЧрдиे рдХा рд░ाрдЬा рдШोрд╖िрдд рдХрд░ рджिрдпा।
рдкрд░ंрддु 10 рдордИ рдХी рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХी рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рдХे рдмाрдж рд╕े рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпों рд╡ рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдХी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпों рдоें рдПрдХ рдмрдб़ा рдЕंрддрд░ рд░рд╣ा, рдЬрд╣ां рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзि рдЕрдд्рдпрдзिрдХ рддेрдЬ рдеी рд╡рд╣ीं рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдХी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпां рдорди्рдж рдЧрддि рд╕े рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣ी рдеी। рдЙрд╕рдХा рд╕рдмрд╕े рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдХाрд░рдг рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдЕрдд्рдпाрдзुрдиिрдХ рд╕ंрдЪाрд░ рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓ी рдХा рд╣ोрдиा рдеा। рд╕рди् 1853 рдоें рд╣ी рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЗрд▓ेрдХ्рдЯ्рд░ॉрдиिрдХ рдЯेрд▓िрдЧ्рд░ाрдл рдХा рдк्рд░рд╡ेрд╢ рд╣ो рдЧрдпा рдеा। рд╕рди् 1857 рддрдХ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рднाрд░рдд рдХे рд╕рднी рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рдирдЧрд░ों рдХो рдЯेрд▓िрдЧ्рд░ाрдл рдХे рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдЬोрдб़ рджिрдпा рдеा।
рдоेрд░рда рд╕े рдмाрд╣рд░ рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рдЖрдЧрд░ा -рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдоाрд░्рдЧ рдХो рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдиे рдкूрд░ी рддрд░рд╣ рд╕े рд░ोрдХ рджिрдпा рдеा, рдЬिрд╕ рдХाрд░рдг рд╕े рдоेрд░рда рдХा рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдЕрди्рдп рдХेंрдж्рд░ों рд╕े рдХрдЯ рдЧрдпा рдеा। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХी рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рдмрдиाрдиे рдХे рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рд╢ुрд░ू рдХрд░ рджिрдП। рдЖрдЧрд░ा рдЙрд╕ рд╕рдордп рдЙрдд्рддрд░ -рдкрд╢्рдЪिрдо рдк्рд░ांрдд рдХी рд░ाрдЬрдзाрдиी рдеी। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЖрдЧрд░ा рд╕े рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдЯूрдЯ рдЬाрдиे рд╕े рдмрд╣ुрдд рдкрд░ेрд╢ाрди рдеे। рдиूрд░рдирдЧрд░, рд▓िрд╕ाрдбी рд╡ рдЧрдЧोрд▓ рдХे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдиे рдмुрд▓ंрджрд╢рд╣рд░ -рдЖрдЧрд░ा рдоाрд░्рдЧ рдХो рд░ोрдХ рд╕ूрдЪрдиा рддंрдд्рд░ рднंрдЧ рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдеा।
рддрдд्рдХाрд▓ीрди рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддिрдпों рдоें рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХी рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдоेрд░рда рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдЕрддि рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рд╣ो рдЧрдпा рдеा। рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рдХे рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдиाрдЧрд░िрдХ рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХो рдзрди рд╡ рд░рд╕рдж рдХी рднाрд░ी рдорджрдж рдкрд╣ुंрдЪा рд░рд╣े рдеे। рдЙрди рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддिрдпों рдоें рдоुрдЧрд▓ рдмाрджрд╢ाрд╣ рдиे рдоाрд▓ाрдЧрдв рдХे рдирд╡ाрдм рд╡рд▓ीрджाрдж рдЦाрди рдХो рдЗрд╕ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдХा рдиाрдпрдм рд╕ूрдмेрджाрд░ рдмрдиा рджिрдпा। рд╡рд▓ीрджाрдж рдЦाрди рдиे рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рдХी рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпों рдХो рдЧрддि рдк्рд░рджाрди рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рджाрджрд░ी рдоें рдЙрдорд░ाрд╡ рд╕िंрд╣ рднाрдЯी рд╕े рдоिрд▓рдХрд░ рдЕँрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рд╕े рд▓рдб़рдиे рдХी рдпोрдЬрдиा рдмрдиाрдИ।
рдоेрд░рда рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдкुрд░े рдбिрд╡िрдЬрди рдХा рдХेंрдж्рд░ рдеा , рдоेрд░рда рдХो рдЖрдзाрд░ рдмрдиाрдХрд░ рд╣ी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЗрд╕ рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХा рджрдорди рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддे рдеे। рдЗрд╕рд▓िрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХो рдпрд╣ рд╕ंрджेрд╣ рдеा рдХि рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдоेрд░рда рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддे рд╣ैं। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЕрдкрдиे рдордХрд╕рдж рдХो рд╣рд▓ рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП, рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХो рдкुрдиः рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХी рддैрдпाрд░ी рдоें рдЬुрдЯ рдЧрдП। 20 рдордИ 1857 рдХो рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдиे рд╣िंрдбрди рдирджी рдХा рдкुрд▓ рддोрдб рджिрдпा, рдЬिрд╕рд╕े рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХे рдмाрд╣рд░ рдХे рдХी рдУрд░ рд╢рд░рдг рд▓िрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХा рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдоेрд░рда рд╡ рдЙрдд्рддрд░ी рдЬिрд▓ों рд╕े рдЯूрдЯ рдЧрдпा। рдЕрдм рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдПрдХ рдмрдб़ी рд╕ेрдиा рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдмрд░्рдиाрдб рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдкрд░ рдзाрд╡ा рдмोрд▓рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЕрдо्рдмाрд▓ा рдЫाрд╡рдиी рд╕े рдЪрд▓ рджी। рдмрд░्рдиाрдб рдиे рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓े рд╕े рдкрд╣рд▓े рдоेрд░рда рдХी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдХो рд╕ाрде рд▓ेрдиे рдХा рдлैрд╕рд▓ा рд▓िрдпा। рдЕрддः 30 рдордИ 1857 рдХो рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЖрд░्рдХрд▓ेрдб рд╡िрд▓्рд╕рди рдХे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдоें рдоेрд░рда рдХी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдмрд░्рдиाрдб рдХी рдорджрдж рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╣िंрдбрди рдирджी рдХे рддрдЯ рдкрд░ рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдЧрдИ। рдХिрди्рддु рдЗрди рджोрдиों рд╕ेрдиाрдУं рдХो рдПрдХ рджूрд╕рд░े рдХी рдорджрдж рд╕े рд░ोрдХрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рд╡ рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдЬрдирддा рдиे рд╣िंрдбрди рдирджी рдХे рджूрд╕рд░ी рддрд░рдл рдоोрд░्рдЪा рд▓рдЧा рд▓िрдпा। рдЬрдм рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдЕрдкрдиी рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рдмрдиाрдиे рдХा рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣ी рдеी, рддрднी рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рд╕ेрдиा рдиे рдЙрди рдкрд░ рддोрдкों рд╕े рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рд╕ेрдиा рдХी рдХрдоाрди рдоुрдЧрд▓ рд╢рд╣рдЬाрджे рдоिрд░्рдЬा рдЕрдмू рдмрдХрд░, рджाрджрд░ी рдХे рдЙрдорд░ाрд╡ рд╕िंрд╣ рднाрдЯी рд╡ рдирд╡ाрдм рд╡рд▓ीрджाрдж рдЦाрди рдХे рд╣ाрде рдоें рдеी। рдЗрд╕ рдпुрдж्рдз рдХे рдк्рд░ाрд░рдо्рдн рдоें рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рд╕ैрдиिрдХों рдХी рдЧोрд▓ाрдмाрд░ी рдиे рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдХे рдЕрдЧрд▓े рднाрдЧ рдХो рднाрд░ी рд╣ाрдиि рдкрд╣ुंрдЪाрдпी। рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рд░рдгрдиीрддि рдмрджрд▓рддे рд╣ुрдП рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ेрдиा рдкрд░ рдЬोрд░рджाрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХिрдпा। рдЗрд╕ рд╣рдорд▓े рдХे рдХाрд░рдг рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рд╕ेрдиा рдХो рдкीрдЫे рд╣рдЯрдиा рдкрдб़ा рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХी рдкांрдЪ рддोрдкे рд╡рд╣ीं рдЫूрдЯ рдЧрдИ। рдЬैрд╕े рд╣ी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдЗрди рддोрдкों рдХो рдХрдм्рдЬे рдоें рд▓ेрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡рд╣ाँ рдкрд╣ुँрдЪी, рд╡рд╣ीं рдЫुрдкे рдПрдХ рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдиे рдмाрд░ूрдж рдоें рдЖрдЧ рд▓рдЧा рджी, рдЬिрд╕рд╕े рдПрдХ рднрдпंрдХрд░ рд╡िрд╕्рдлोрдЯ рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдХै.рдПрдг्рдбूрд░рдЬ рдФрд░ 10 рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕ैрдиिрдХ рдоाрд░े рдЧрдП। рдЗрд╕ рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рдПрдХ рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╡ीрд░ рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдк्рд░ाрдгों рдХी рдЖрд╣ुрддि рджेрдХрд░ рджुрд╢्рдорди рд╕े рдЕрдкрдиी рдмрд╣ाрджुрд░ी рдХा рд▓ोрд╣ा рдордирд╡ा рджिрдпा।
рдЕрдЧрд▓े рджिрди рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ेрдиा рдиे рджोрдкрд╣рд░ рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рджिрдпा, рдпрд╣ рджिрди рдмेрд╣рдж рдЧрд░्рдо рдеा। рдЗрд╕ рдпुрдж्рдз рдоें рд▓ै0 рдиैрдкिрдпрд░ рдФрд░ 11 рдЬрд╡ाрди рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдХी рдУрд░ рд╕े рдоाрд░े рдЧрдП рддрдеा рдмрд╣ुрдд рд╕े рдШाрдпрд▓ рд╣ो рдЧрдП। 1 рдЬूрди 1857 рдХो рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдорджрдж рдХो рдЧोрд░рдЦा рдкрд▓рдЯрди рднी рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдЧрдИ, рдлिрд░ рднी рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕ेрдиा рдЖрдЧे рдмрдврдиे рдХा рд╕ाрд╣рд╕ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░ рд╕рдХी рдФрд░ рдмाрдЧрдкрдд рдХी рдУрд░ рдоुрдб़ рдЧрдИ।
рддीрди рдЬूрди рдХो рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдлोрд░्рд╕ рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдоेрд░рда рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХे рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдмिрд╢рди рд╕िंрд╣ рдпाрджрд╡ рдХो рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕ेрдиा рдХो рдЧाрдИрдб рдХрд░рдиे рдХा рдЖрджेрд╢ рджिрдпा। рдкрд░ंрддु рдмिрд╢рди рд╕िंрд╣ рдпाрджрд╡ рдиे рдкрд╣рд▓े рд╣ी рд╣рдорд▓े рдХी рд╕ूрдЪрдиा рдЧрдЧोрд▓ рдХे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХो рджे рджी рддрдеा рдЬाрдирдмूрдЭрдХрд░ рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рдлोрд░्рд╕ рдХे рдкाрд╕ рджेрд░ рд╕े рдкрд╣ुंрдЪे। рдЬрдм рдпрд╣ рдлोрд░्рд╕ рдЧрдЧोрд▓ рдкрд╣ुंрдЪी, рддрдм рддрдХ рд╕рднी рдЧ्рд░ाрдоीрдг рднाрдЧ рдЪुрдХे рдеे, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдоें рдЖрдЧ рд▓рдЧा рджी। рдмिрд╢рди рд╕िंрд╣ рднी рд╕рдЬा рд╕े рдмрдЪрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдлрд░ाрд░ рд╣ो рдЧрдпे।
рд╡рд╣ाрдмी рд╕ेрдиाрдкрддि рдмрдЦ्рдд рдЦाрди рдмрд░ेрд▓ी рд╕े рд╕ेрдиा рд▓ेрдХрд░ рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХी рдУрд░ рдЪрд▓ рджिрдпा। рд╕ेрдиा рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдиा рдкрд╣ुंрдЪे, рдЙрд╕े рд░ोрдХрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЧрдв़ рдоुрдХ्рддेрд╢्рд╡рд░ рдоें рдмрдиे рдкीрдкे рдХे рдкुрд▓ рдХो рддोрдб рджिрдпा। рдкрд░ंрддु рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдиे 27 рдЬूрди рдХो рдиाрд╡ों рдХी рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рдХрд░ рдмрдЦ्рдд рдЦाрди рдХी рд╕ेрдиा рдХो рдЧंрдЧा рдкाрд░ рдХрд░ा рджी। рддрдм рдоेрд░рда рдХे рддрдд्рдХाрд▓ीрди рдХрд▓ेрдХ्рдЯрд░ рдЖрд░рдПрдЪ рдбрдирд▓рдк рдиे рдоेрдЬрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣ैрд╡िрдЯ рдХो 28 рдЬूрди 1857 рдХो рдкрдд्рд░ рд▓िрдЦा рдХि рдпрджि рд╣рдордиे рд╢рдд्рд░ुрдУं рдХो рд╕рдЬा рджेрдиे рдФрд░ рдЕрдкрдиे рд╕рдорд░्рдердХों рдХो рдорджрдж рджेрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬोрд░рджाрд░ рдХрджрдо рдирд╣ीं рдЙрдаाрдП рддो рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдХрдм्рдЬे рд╕े рдмाрд╣рд░ рдиिрдХрд▓ рдЬाрдпेрдЧा।
рддрдм рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЦाрдХी рд░िрд╕ाрд▓ा рдХे рдиाрдо рд╕े рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдПрдХ рдлोрд░्рд╕ рдХा рдЧрдарди рдХिрдпा рдЬिрд╕рдоें 56 рдШुрдб़рд╕рд╡ाрд░, 38 рдкैрджрд▓ рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдФрд░ 10 рддोрдкрдЪी рдеे। рдЗрдирдХे рдЕрддिрд░िрдХ्рдд 100 рд░ाрдпрдлрд▓ рдзाрд░ी рддрдеा 60 рдХाрд░рдмाрдИрдиो рд╕े рд▓ैрд╕ рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी рдеे। рдЗрд╕ рдлोрд░्рд╕ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╕рдмрд╕े рдкрд╣рд▓े рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХे рдЧрдв़ рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХे рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी, рдирдЧрд▓ा, рдШाрдЯ рдЧांрд╡ рдкрд░ рдХाрд░्рд░рд╡ाрдИ рдХрд░рдиे рдХी рдпोрдЬрдиा рдмрдиी।
рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдоें рдеे, рд╡рд╣ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпों рдоें рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧी рдеे, рдЕрддः рдЙрдирдХे рдкाрд╕ рднी рдЕрдкрдиा рд╕ूрдЪрдиा рддंрдд्рд░ рдеा, рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХो рдЗрд╕ рд╣рдорд▓े рдХी рднрдирдХ рд▓рдЧ рдЧрдИ। рд╡рд╣ рддीрди рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ рдХी рд╢ाрдо рдХो рд╣ी рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдЧрдП। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдкांрдЪрд▓ी, рдиंрдЧрд▓ा рд╡ рдШाрдЯ рдХे рд▓ोрдЧों рдХो рд╣рдорд▓े рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рдмрддाрдпा рдФрд░ рддुрд░ंрдд рдЧांрд╡ рд╕े рдкрд▓ाрдпрди рдХी рд╕рд▓ाрд╣ рджी। рддीрдиों рдЧांрд╡ рдХे рд▓ोрдЧों рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдкрд░िрд╡ाрд░ рдХी рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдПं, рдмрдЪ्рдЪों, рд╡ृрдж्рдзों рдХो рдЕрдкрдиी рдмैрд▓рдЧाрдб़िрдпो рдоें рдмैрдаाрдХрд░ рд░िрд╢्рддेрджाрд░ों рдХे рдпрд╣ाँ рдХो рд░ुрдЦрд╕рдд рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдЬрдм рдЕрдкрдиी рд╣рдмेрд▓ी рд╕े рдмाрд╣рд░ рдиिрдХрд▓े рддो рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдХी рдЪौрдкाрд▓ рдкрд░ рдЕрдкрдиे рднाрдИ рдмंрдзुрдУं рдХो рд╣рдеिрдпाрд░рдмंрдж рдмैрдаे рджेрдЦा, рдпे рд╡рд╣ी рд▓ोрдЧ рдеे рдЬो рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХे рдмुрд▓ाрд╡े рдкрд░ рджрд╕ рдордИ рдХो рдоेрд░рда рдкрд╣ुंрдЪे рдеे। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдЙрдирд╕े рд╡рд╣ां рд░ूрдХрдиे рд╡ рдПрдХрдд्рд░ рд╣ोрдиे рдХा рдХाрд░рдг рдкूрдЫा। рдЬिрд╕ рдкрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЬрдмाрдм рджिрдпा рдХि рд╣рдо рдЕрдкрдиे рдЬिंрджा рд░рд╣рддे рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧांрд╡ рд╕े рдирд╣ीं рдЬाрдпेंрдЧे, рдЬो рдЧांрд╡ рд╕े рдЬाрдиे рдеे рд╡ो рдЬा рдЪुрдХे рд╣ैं। рдЖрдк рднी рдЪрд▓े рдЬाрдУ। рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддी рдХो рд╕рдордЭ рдЧрдП рдХि рдЙрдирдХे рднाрдИ рдмंрдзु рд╕ाрдХा рдХे рдоूрдб рдоें рдЖ рдЧрдП рд╣ैं। рдЬो рд▓ोрдЧ рдЙрдирдХे рдмुрд▓ाрд╡े рдкрд░ рджुрдиिрдпा рдХी рд╕рдмрд╕े рд╢рдХ्рддिрд╢ाрд▓ी рд╕рдд्рддा рд╕े рд▓рдб़рдиे рдоेрд░рда рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ рдЧрдП рдеे, рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдЖрдЬ рдоौрдд рдХे рдоुंрд╣ рдоें рдЫोрдб़рдХрд░ рдХैрд╕े рдЬाрдПं। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдЕрдкрдиा рдиिрд░्рдгрдп рд▓े рд▓िрдпा। рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдЧाँрд╡ рдХे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХो рд╣рдорд▓े рдХा рдоुрдХाрдмрд▓ा рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬिрддрдиा рд╣ो рд╕рдХрддा рдеा рдоोрд░्рдЪाрдмंрдж рдХрд░ рд▓िрдпा।
рдЪाрд░ рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ рд╕рди् 1857 рдХो рдк्рд░ाрдд:рд╣ी рдЦाрдХी рд░िрд╕ाрд▓े рдиे рдЧांрд╡ рдкрд░ рд╣рдорд▓ा рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдЕँрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдЕрдлрд╕рд░ рдиे рдЬрдм рдЧाँрд╡ рдоें рдоुрдХाрдмрд▓े рдХी рддैрдпाрд░ी рджेрдЦी рддो рд╡рд╣ рд╣рддрдк्рд░рдн рд░рд╣ рдЧрдпा। рд╡рд╣ рдЗрд╕ рд▓рдб़ाрдИ рдХो рд▓рдо्рдмी рдирд╣ीं рдЦींрдЪрдиा рдЪाрд╣рддा рдеा, рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рд▓ोрдЧों рдХे рдорди рд╕े рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХा рднрдп рдиिрдХрд▓ рдЧрдпा рдеा, рдХрд╣ीं рд╕े рднी рд░ेрд╡ेрди्рдпू рдирд╣ीं рдоिрд▓ рд░рд╣ा рдеा рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХा рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмрдб़ा рдХाрд░рдг рдеा рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╡ рдЙрд╕рдХा рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी। рдЕрддः рдкूрд░े рдЧांрд╡ рдХो рддोрдк рдХे рдЧोрд▓ो рд╕े рдЙрдб़ा рджिрдпा рдЧрдпा, рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХी рдХрдЪ्рдЪी рдоिрдЯ्рдЯी рдХी рд╣рд╡ेрд▓ी рдзрд░ाрд╢ाрдпी рд╣ो рдЧрдИ। рднाрд░ी рдЧोрд▓ीрдмाрд░ी рдХी рдЧрдИ। рд╕ैрдХрдб़ों рд▓ोрдЧ рд╢рд╣ीрдж рд╣ो рдЧрдП, рдЬो рдмрдЪ рдЧрдП рдЙрдирдоें рд╕े 46 рдХैрдж рдХрд░ рд▓िрдП рдЧрдП рдФрд░ рдЗрдирдоें рд╕े 40 рдХो рдлांрд╕ी рджे рджी рдЧрдИ। рдоृрддрдХों рдХी рдХिрд╕ी рдиे рд╢िрдиाрдЦ्рдд рдирд╣ीं рдХी। рдЗрд╕ рд╣рдорд▓े рдХे рдмाрдж рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХी рдХрд╣ीं рдХोрдИ рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзि рдирд╣ीं рдоिрд▓ी, рд╕рдо्рднрд╡рддः рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рднी рдЗрд╕ी рдЧोрд▓ीрдмाрд░ी рдоें рдЕрдкрдиे рднाрдИ рдмंрдзुрдУं рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╢рд╣ीрдж рд╣ो рдЧрдП। рдЙрдирдХी рд╢рд╣ाрджрдд рдХो рд╢рдд् -рд╢рдд् рдирдорди।
10 рдордИ 1857 рдХो рдоेрд░рда рдоें рд╣ुрдИ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рдоें рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдХी рднूрдоिрдХा рдХी рдЬांрдЪ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдоेрдЬрд░ рд╡िрд▓िрдпрдо्рд╕ рдХी рдЕрдз्рдпрдХ्рд╖рддा рдоें рдПрдХ рдХрдоेрдЯी рдЧрдаिрдд рдХी рдЧрдИ। рдоेрдЬрд░ рд╡िрд▓िрдпрдо्рд╕ рдиे 10 рдордИ рдХी рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рдХा рднिрди्рди-рднिрди्рди рдЧрд╡ाрд╣िрдпों (рдбेрдкोрдЬिрд╢ंрд╕) рдХे рдЖрдзाрд░ рдкрд░ рдЧрд╣рди рд╡िрд╡ेрдЪрди рдХिрдпा рддрдеा рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдо्рдмрди्рдз рдоें рдПрдХ рд╕्рдорд░рдг рдкрдд्рд░ рддैрдпाрд░ рдХिрдпा। рдЬिрд╕рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдЬрдирддा рдХी рдХ्рд░ाрди्рддिрдХाрд░ी рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзिрдпों рдХे рд╡िрд╕्рдлोрдЯ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХो рдоुрдЦ्рдп рд░ूрдк рд╕े рджोрд╖ी рдард╣рд░ाрдпा, рдЙрд╕рдХा рдоाрдирдиा рдеा рдХि рдпрджि рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рдХрд░्рддрд╡्рдп рдХा рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрд╣ рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╣िрдд рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХिрдпा рд╣ोрддा рддो рд╕рдо्рднрд╡рддः рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдЬрдирддा рдХो рднрдбрдХрдиे рд╕े рд░ोрдХा рдЬा рд╕рдХрддा рдеा। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХो рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рдХे рдЫिрди्рди-рднिрди्рди рд╣ो рдЬाрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рджोрд╖ी рдард╣рд░ाрдпा рдЧрдпा। рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдШрдЯрдиाрдУं рд╕े рджрдоिрдд рд▓ोрдЧों рдиे рдЕрдкрдиी рдЧрд╡ाрд╣िрдпों рдоें рд╕ीрдзे рдЖрд░ोрдк рд▓рдЧाрддे рд╣ुрдП рдХрд╣ा рдХि рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рд╕्рд╡рдпं рдЧूрдЬрд░ рдеा рдЗрд╕рд▓िрдП рдЙрд╕рдиे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣िрдпों, рдЬिрдирдоें рдЧूрдЬрд░ рдмрд╣ुрд╕ंрдЦ्рдпрдХ рдеे, рдХो рдирд╣ीं рд░ोрдХा। рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдкрд░ рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣िрдпों рдХो рдЦुрд▓ा рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рджेрдиे рдХा рдЖрд░ोрдк рднी рд▓рдЧाрдпा। рдбेрдкोрдЬिрд╢ंрди (рдЧрд╡ाрд╣ी) рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा 66 рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдиे рдХрд╣ा рдХि рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдиे рд╕्рд╡рдпं рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдЖрд╕-рдкाрд╕ рдХे рдЧांрд╡ рд╕े рдмुрд▓ाрдпा рд╣ै।
рдирд╡рдо्рдмрд░ 1858 рдоें рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдХрдоिрд╢्рдирд░ рдПрдл рд╡िрд▓िрдпрдо рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдЗрд╕ी рд╕िрд▓рд╕िрд▓े рдоें рдПрдХ рд░िрдкोрд░्рдЯ рдиॉрд░्рде -рд╡ेрд╕्рдЯрд░्рди рдк्рд░ाрди्рдд (рдЖрдзुрдиिрдХ рдЙрдд्рддрд░ рдк्рд░рджेрд╢) рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХे рд╕рдЪिрд╡ рдХो рднेрдЬी рдЧрдИ। рд░िрдкोрд░्рдЯ рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдоेрд░рда рдХी рд╕ैрдиिрдХ рдЫाрд╡рдиी рдоें "рдЪрд░्рдмी рд╡ाрд▓े рдХाрд░рддूрд╕ рдФрд░ рд╣рдб्рдбिрдпों рдХे рдЪूрд░्рдг рд╡ाрд▓े рдЖрдЯे рдХी рдмाрдд" рдмрдб़ी рд╕ाрд╡рдзाрдиी рдкूрд░्рд╡рдХ рдлैрд▓ाрдИ рдЧрдИ рдеी। рд░िрдкोрд░्рдЯ рдоें рдЕрдпोрдз्рдпा рд╕े рдЖрдпे рдПрдХ рд╕ाрдзु (рд╣िрди्рджू рдлрдХीрд░) рдХी рд╕ंрджिрдЧ्рдз рднूрдоिрдХा рдХी рдУрд░ рднी рдЗрд╢ाрд░ा рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा। рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ैрдиिрдХ, рдоेрд░рда рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХी рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдФрд░ рдЬрдирддा рддрдеा рдЖрд╕рдкाрд╕ рдХे рдЧ्рд░ाрдоीрдг рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрдзु рдХे рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рдоें рдеे। рдоेрдЬрд░ рд╡िрд▓िрдпрдо्рд╕ рдХो рджी рдЧрдИ рдЧрд╡ाрд╣ी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा 8 рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рд╕рджрд░ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╕्рд╡рдпं рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрдзु рд╕े рдЙрд╕рдХे рд╕ूрд░рдЬ рдХुрдг्рдб рд╕्рдеिрдд рдаिрдХाрдиे рдкрд░ рдоिрд▓े рдеे। рд╣ो рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै рдХि рдКрдкрд░ी рддौрд░ рдкрд░ рдпрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рднेंрдЯ рд╣ो, рдкрд░рди्рддु рджोрдиों рдХे рдЖрдкрд╕ рдоें рд╕рдо्рдкрд░्рдХ рд╣ोрдиे рдХी рдмाрдд рд╕े рдЗंрдХाрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХिрдпा рдЬा рд╕рдХрддा। рд╡ाрд╕्рддрд╡ рдоें рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╕рд╣िрдд рдкूрд░ी рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдЗрд╕ рдпोрдЬрдиा рдоें рд╕ाрдзु (рд╕рдо्рднрд╡рддः рд╕्рд╡ाрдоी рджрдпाрдиंрдж) рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рд╣ो рдЪुрдХी рдеी।
рд╡िрдж्рд╡ाрдиों рд╡ рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕рдХाрд░ों рдХा рдРрд╕ा рдордд рд╣ै рдХि 10 рдордИ 1857 рдХो рдоेрд░рда рд╕े рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрдн рд╣ुрдИ рдЗрд╕ рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдоें рддीрди рд▓ाрдЦ рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╢рд╣ीрдж рд╣ुрдП। рд╕рди् 1947 рдоें рджेрд╢ рдЖрдЬाрдж рд╣ुрдЖ, рддрдм рд╕े рд╣ी рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдк्рд░рдд्рдпेрдХ рд╡рд░्рд╖ рджрд╕ рдордИ рдХो рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдЕрд╡рдХाрд╢ рд░рд╣рддा рд╣ै, рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХी рд╕्рдоृрддि рдоें рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рд╡ рдЧैрд░рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рд╕ंрдЧрдардиो рдХे рдоाрдз्рдпрдо рд╕े рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рд╣ोрддे рд╣ैं। рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХा рдоेрд░рда рдХे рдиाрдЧрд░िрдХों рдХे рдорди рдоें рдмрдбा рдЖрджрд░ рд╣ै рдЙрдирдХे рдиाрдо рд╕े рдЧांрд╡ рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдоें рд╢рд╣ीрдж рд╕्рдоाрд░рдХ рд╡ рдк्рд░рддिрдоा рд▓рдЧी рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै, рдкांрдЪрд▓ी рдоें рд╣ी рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдордг्рдбрд▓ीрдп рдк्рд░рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдг рдХेंрдж्рд░ рд╣ोрдордЧाрд░्рдб рдмрдиा рд╣ुрдЖ рд╣ै। рдЪौрдзрд░ी рдЪрд░рдг рд╕िंрд╣ рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╕ाрдоुрджाрдпिрдХ рдХेंрдж्рд░ рдиाрдо рдХा рднрд╡рди рдмрдиा рд╣ै। рдоेрд░рда рдоें рд╣ी рдорд╡ाрдиा рд╕्рдЯेंрдб рдХे рдкाрд╕ рдЖрджрдо рдХрдж рдк्рд░рддिрдоा рд▓рдЧी рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рд╕ुрднाрд░рддी рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдоेрд░рда рдоें рдПрдХ рдЧेрдЯ рдХा рдиाрдо рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХे рдиाрдо рд╕े рд╣ै, рдоेрд░рда рдЬिрд▓े рдХे рдоेрд░рда рдм्рд▓ाрдХ рдоें рдЬुрд░рд░ाрдирдкुрд░ рдЧांрд╡ рдоें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╣ाрдИ рд╕्рдХूрд▓ рдмрдиा рд╣ै। рдоेрд░рда рдХे рд╕рджрд░ рдеाрдиे рдоें рддीрди рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ 2018 рдХो рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХी рдк्рд░рддिрдоा рдХी рд╕्рдеाрдкрдиा рдоेрд░рда рдХे рд╡рд░िрд╖्рда рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдЕрдзीрдХ्рд╖рдХ рд╢्рд░ी рд░ाрдЬेрд╢ рдХुрдоाрд░ рдкाрдг्рдбेрдп рдХे рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рд╕े рдХी рдЧрдИ рд╣ै, рдЬिрд╕рдХा рдЕрдиाрд╡рд░рдг рдЙрдд्рддрд░ рдк्рд░рджेрд╢ рдХे рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдорд╣ाрдиिрджेрд╢рдХ рд╢्рд░ी рдУ рдкी рд╕िंрд╣ рдиे рдХिрдпा। 12 рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ 2018 рдХो рдЪौрдзрд░ी рдЪрд░рдг рд╕िंрд╣ рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдХे рдк्рд░ांрдЧрдг рдоें рдмрдиे рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рд╕ाрдоुрджाрдпिрдХ рдХेंрдж्рд░ рдоें рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХी рдк्рд░рддिрдоा рдХी рд╕्рдеाрдкрдиा рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдХे рд╡ीрд╕ी рдк्рд░ोрдлेрд╕рд░ рдирд░ेंрдж्рд░ рдХुрдоाрд░ рддрдиेрдЬा рдХे рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рд╕े рдХी рдЧрдИ। рдЬिрд╕рдХा рдЕрдиाрд╡рд░рдг рдЙрдд्рддрд░ рдк्рд░рджेрд╢ рдХे рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдкाрд▓ рдорд╣ाрдорд╣िрдо рд░ाрдордиाрдИрдХ рд╡ рдЙрдк рдоुрдЦ्рдпрдоंрдд्рд░ी рд╢्рд░ी рджिрдиेрд╢ рд╢рд░्рдоा рдЬी рдиे рдХिрдпा।

рд╕ंрджрд░्рдн рдЧ्рд░рди्рде
1- 1857 рдХी рдЬрдирдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХे рдЬрдирдХ рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓,рдЧрдЧोрд▓ рдХा рдмрд▓िрджाрди, рд╣िंрдбрди рдХा рдпुрдж्рдз, рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░िрдпों рдХे рд╕рд░рддाрдЬ рд░ाрд╡ рдХрджрдо рд╕िंрд╣ -рдбॉ рд╕ुрд╢ीрд▓ рднाрдЯी।
2- 1857 рдХे рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдиाрдпрдХ рд╢рд╣ीрдж рдзрдирд╕िंрд╣ рдХोрддрд╡ाрд▓ рдХा рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдЬीрд╡рди рдкрд░िрдЪрдп -рддрд╕्рд╡ीрд░ рд╕िंрд╣ рдЪрдкрд░ाрдгा।
3- UTTAR PRADESH DISTRICT GAJETTEERS MEERUT -shrimati Esha Basanti JoshI
4- рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рдк्рд░рдЪрд▓िрдд рдХिрд╡рджंрддिрдпां।
5- рджैрдиिрдХ рдЬाрдЧрд░рдг рдоेрд░рда 8 рдордИ 2007 -рд╡ो рднूрд▓ी рджाрд╕्рддां рд▓ो рдлिрд░ рдпाрдж рдЖ рдЧрдИ, рдзрди рд╕िंрд╣ рдЧुрд░्рдЬрд░: рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХे рдХрд░्рдорда рд╕िрдкाрд╣ी।

Tuesday, July 2, 2019

Dr Ambedkar And Periyar - Two Lines That Never Meet



Dr Ambedkar And Periyar - Two Lines That Never Meet

D.S.Balaji Arya
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Ambedkar - A Name which brings a sense of disgust among a large section of people in this country. A large section of people who despise the idea of merit destruction. By assigning people very important roles by caste-based reservation hate Ambedkar. Ambedkar's escapist act of denouncing Hinduism and embracing Buddhism created more divide between many practising Hindus.

Recently, going through the parliamentary debates from the 1950s. Where Ambedkar speeches are still preserved tells a very different story about him. Which clearly contradicts what the Ambedkar followers have to say about him.

Jai Bhim, Bhim Sena and all the so-called Dalit organisation hide behind Ambedkar. They endorse Ambedkar's name but they have very less to do with Ambedkar's actual views. The vile, insane and anti-social, anti-Hindu activities are in fact inspired by EV Ramaswamy Naicker Periyar, commonly known as Periyar.

Periyar was a Tamil Separatist, who projected himself as a rationalist but was, in fact, a British stooge. Whose sole responsibility was to create a divide within India during British Rule. Periyar did that very well, by creating a Hindi-Tamil, Arya-Dravid divide. Periyar And Ambedkar both were considered Dalit activists but they are both two lines which never meet. Let's observe many such striking differences between both-

(1). Ambedkar completely rejected the Aryan Invasion Theory. He called it a stupid idea spread by the British to create a divide inside India.

Periyar endorsed the Aryan Invasion theory, called all the so-called Upper Caste Hindus as invaders. He used that divide for his political gains.

(2). Dr Ambedkar said Islam and Christianity cannot live peacefully with any other community. their sole theology is intolerant and is not good for this country. If Muslims remain in India, even after partition. India will be divided again. Ambedkar was strictly against religious conversions.

Periyar was a Christian missionary and British stooge, he helped them spread across the south.

(3). Ambedkar was a staunch Nationalist, he held the idea of a nation above anything.

Periyar was a separatist who vouched for a separate nation combining south Indian states, which failed very badly. He even created a sense of Tamil Separatism in Tamil Nadu, which is evident till date.

(4). Ambedkar supported The Shuddhi movement by Arya Samaj. He acknowledged the fact that Vedic Scriptures have tampered and they don't promote any kind of birth based segregation.

Periyar - Hated Hinduism and always abused, insulting preached for the destruction of Hindus. Periyar himself was a sub-human who married his own adopted daughter.

(5). Ambedkar hated the Communist ideology. In one of his parliamentary speech in 1950, Ambedkar said- "Communism is a flawed idea which will break the country. If communists gain power in India. Our educational institutions will be echoing with Anti-National Slogans one day." Today which is proven to be true today, with JNU, Jadavpur and many universities filled with Urban Naxals.

Periyar was a leftist, who believed in reservations and imaginary myths of a classless society.

(6). Ambedkar wanted Sanskrit to be the national language of India. He embraced himself as the native of Aryavart and embraced its ancient language.

Periyar invented the Tamil - Hindi struggle in Tamil Nadu. Which is still a big threat for the unity of this Country.

Dalit Movement is and has been a big issue in our country. The divide which has been exploited by political leaders, missionaries, Islamists and many more. Let's understand this key difference between both the ideologies of both of these people.

Vedas nowhere distinguishes human by any scale based on birth. We need to revive those Vedic principles for the betterment of our society.

Yes, we need to fight and defend against these so-called Dalit organizations. But, Periyar and his teaching have to be attacked and rebutted at first priority. As his idea of Moolnivasi is what the biggest cause for Hindu Disunity.